See upér on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "uwéri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "preposition; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "preposition; see there for further descendants",
"word": "ubiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "upári"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "with additional locative suffix *-i",
"english": "over, above",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"translation": "over, above",
"word": "upér-i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "uwérǰo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "uper-yo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "⇒? Proto-Albanian: *eupera"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "over",
"roman": "ufarō, preposition",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"translation": "over",
"word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ufaraz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "úpara",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "उपर"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "úparas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "úparah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *superos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "upper, higher",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "upper, higher",
"word": "úper-o-s"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*uɸer"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*uber"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "hupér",
"word": "ὑπέρ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*hupér"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "super"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"roman": "supru",
"word": "𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌓𐌖"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "super",
"word": "𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌄𐌓"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "subra",
"word": "𐌔𐌖𐌁𐌓𐌀"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*super"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": ":af",
"3": "*úp",
"4": "*-r<alt:*-er>",
"id": "above",
"pos": "word"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*úp",
"3": "*-er",
"pos2": "locative adverbial suffix",
"t1": "above"
},
"expansion": "*úp (“above”) + *-er (locative adverbial suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *úp (“above”) + *-er (locative adverbial suffix). From the same root as *up-ó (“up”). For the suffix compare *(H)n̥dʰ-ér (“under”), *kʷó-r (“where?”), *tó-r (“there”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*upéri",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*(s)upér",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*upér",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-r",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"roman": "ver",
"sense": "Old Armenian",
"word": "վեր"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"roman": "verǰ",
"sense": "Old Armenian",
"word": "վերջ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "above",
"sense": "Albanian",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"translation": "above",
"word": "epër"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "upper",
"roman": "veroy",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian; Old Armenian",
"translation": "upper",
"word": "վերոյ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "obaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"roman": "upara",
"sense": "Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀"
}
],
"glosses": [
"above"
],
"id": "en-upér-ine-pro-adv-iMfwjQvl",
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"over"
],
"id": "en-upér-ine-pro-adv-X7akfjaO",
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "upér"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adverbs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries referencing missing etymons",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-er",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-r"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ver",
"sense": "Old Armenian",
"word": "վեր"
},
{
"word": "uwéri"
},
{
"english": "preposition; see there for further descendants",
"translation": "preposition; see there for further descendants",
"word": "ubiri"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "upári"
},
{
"alt": "with additional locative suffix *-i",
"english": "over, above",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"translation": "over, above",
"word": "upér-i"
},
{
"roman": "verǰ",
"sense": "Old Armenian",
"word": "վերջ"
},
{
"word": "uwérǰo-"
},
{
"word": "uper-yo-"
},
{
"english": "above",
"sense": "Albanian",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"translation": "above",
"word": "epër"
},
{
"word": "⇒? Proto-Albanian: *eupera"
},
{
"english": "upper",
"roman": "veroy",
"sense": "Proto-Armenian; Old Armenian",
"translation": "upper",
"word": "վերոյ"
},
{
"english": "over",
"roman": "ufarō, preposition",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"translation": "over",
"word": "𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍉"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "obaro"
},
{
"word": "ufaraz"
},
{
"roman": "úpara",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "उपर"
},
{
"word": "úparas"
},
{
"roman": "upara",
"sense": "Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀"
},
{
"word": "úparah"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *superos"
},
{
"english": "upper, higher",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"translation": "upper, higher",
"word": "úper-o-s"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*uɸer"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*uber"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "hupér",
"word": "ὑπέρ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*hupér"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "super"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"roman": "supru",
"word": "𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌓𐌖"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "super",
"word": "𐌔𐌖𐌐𐌄𐌓"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "subra",
"word": "𐌔𐌖𐌁𐌓𐌀"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*super"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": ":af",
"3": "*úp",
"4": "*-r<alt:*-er>",
"id": "above",
"pos": "word"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*úp",
"3": "*-er",
"pos2": "locative adverbial suffix",
"t1": "above"
},
"expansion": "*úp (“above”) + *-er (locative adverbial suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *úp (“above”) + *-er (locative adverbial suffix). From the same root as *up-ó (“up”). For the suffix compare *(H)n̥dʰ-ér (“under”), *kʷó-r (“where?”), *tó-r (“there”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*upéri",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*(s)upér",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*upér",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"above"
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"over"
],
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "upér"
}
Download raw JSONL data for upér meaning in All languages combined (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.